Whenever the Iran war comes to an end, the Islamic Republic is likely to emerge in a stronger position. Should the terms of a June memorandum of understanding be met, Western governments would lift ...

For over a decade, U.S. President Donald Trump has accused Washington’s European allies of free-riding on American security guarantees. He has been criticizing NATO members that do not pay “their fair ...

The 2026 documents increase the party’s direct role in managing the country’s affairs while also embracing the private sector and sidelining state-owned enterprises. Vietnam’s leaders are betting that ...

As the United States races to build the infrastructure required for artificial intelligence, it faces a constraint: legitimacy at the local level. Data centers, transmission lines, and ...

In the Declaration of Independence, a chief complaint was that King George III “affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.” George Washington himself worried about ...

Browse all articles written by Celeste A. Wallander for Foreign Affairs.

Following this humiliation, Europe issued sweeping sanctions against Russia and joined the United States in offering extensive support to Ukraine. Most of the continent’s countries severed almost all ...

And as Hamas’s October 7, 2023, attack on Israel and its aftermath have made painfully clear, any strategy that ignores the Palestinian issue is doomed to fail. Not every problem in the Middle East ...

In this perspective, it is nothing like the feared Axis powers during World War II because it lacks any formal commitments or aggressive public rhetoric. The U.S. intelligence community even makes a ...

The Peloponnesian War, his magisterial opus on Athens’ doomed decades-long conflict with Sparta in the fifth century BC, includes the famous line, “The strong do what they can and the weak suffer what ...

When the presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda met in Washington, D.C., in early December 2025, for a ceremony sealing the peace deal that ended four years of fighting, it was ...