The world faces the spillovers from the war in the Middle East. In addition to the human toll, its economic effects are global and uneven, once again hitting the poorest and most vulnerable countries ...

This paper applies the IMF’s Integrated Policy Framework (IPF) to the Czech Republic with the aim of contributing to the use of scenario analysis at the Czech National Bank (CNB). The paper identifies ...

The IMF Executive Board completed the fifth review under Ecuador’s 48-month Extended Fund Facility (EFF) arrangement, enabling an immediate disbursement of about US$400 million.

To weather the shock, policymakers should ensure that any near-term measures are time-bound and targeted at the most ...

Countries face vastly different exposure to higher oil prices and supply uncertainty, shaped by whether they import or export, and how much policy space they have to respond ...

This Note documents Greece’s comprehensive tax administration reform journey over 2010–2025, showing how sustained reform under crisis conditions translated institutional change and digital innovation ...

This Selected Issues Paper analyzes productivity and long-run growth in Liechtenstein. Despite among the highest labor productivity levels in Europe, growth has been weak over an extended period, ...

Liechtenstein faces long-term fiscal pressures from population aging, climate transition, and enhanced security requirements. Using a Marginal Abatement Cost Curve framework, cohort-component ...

The region must respond to energy shocks through disciplined policies that protect the vulnerable and strengthen resilience ...

The global economy has been tested by repeated shocks over the past few years from wars and conflicts, including the new one in the Middle East. In addition to its humanitarian impacts, the economic ...

Now, the war in the Middle East is having important ramifications across the Western Hemisphere. Countries are being affected ...

Trade policy uncertainty (TPU) has reached record highs in recent years. This paper builds granular TPU measures for several ASEAN economies that distinguish between protectionist and trade ...