The Supreme Court’s ruling, expected by summer 2026, will determine whether the 14th Amendment secures what one brief calls a “sweeping…grant of U.S. citizenship” to virtually all people born on American soil, or whether, as critics argue, citizenship should instead depend on a “mutual recognition of allegiance” between family and state.

The Supreme Court is considering a Republican-led drive, backed by President Donald Trump’s administration, to overturn a quarter-century-old decision and erase limits on how much political parties can spend in coordination with candidates for Congress and president.