That is what happened after the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, a conflict that saw the United States back Tehran’s Iraqi adversaries. The war taught Tehran three lessons it never unlearned: that ...
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The artificial intelligence (AI) era demands a fundamental rethinking of strategic infrastructure and international partnerships. Just as oil shaped the geopolitical landscape of the 20th century, ...
As the U.S. administration considers whether to remove Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a foreign terrorist organization, understanding its nature, development, and ideology is essential to ...
A key player in the oil industry and central to producer-consumer relations, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was formed by major oil exporters to stabilize prices and ...
IMEC is designed to create a resilient supply chain network connecting South Asia (namely India), the Middle East, and Europe. It aims to transport goods, energy, and data, bypassing the Bab al-Mandab ...
In September 2022, urban centers across Iran reverberated with the sound of protest. The scale and uninhibited nature of these demonstrations against the repressive Islamic Republic were in and of ...
Morocco’s phosphorus fertilizer industry, with its massive production capacity and international reach, has transformed the kingdom into a gatekeeper of global food supply chains. Morocco’s centrality ...
According to Nicholas Smith’s history of colonialism in the southern Red Sea, the port of Obock was acquired by the French in 1862 from the local ruler, the sultan of Tadjoura, and this was later ...
The last few weeks in Iran have retaught us lessons we already knew — lessons written in blood, courage, denial, and cruelty. We were reminded that the clerical regime’s ineptitude in governing is ...
The potential exploitation of generative AI by terrorists and violent extremists has attracted warnings that the technology may be used to groom or radicalize young people, help identify vulnerable ...
This report assesses the future sustainability of agriculture across North Africa using a multidimensional approach that considers the dynamics of water, climate, land, and economics. To enable this ...
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