At a time when technological development is accelerating at an unprecedented pace, the international system faces a unique challenge: how can we govern a technology that disregards ...

Many countries aim to maintain or strengthen their network of trade relations and economic interests with other states or non-state actors, even those historically classified as “adversaries” ...

Ukraine, located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, has a rich and multifaceted history spanning thousands of years. Its strategic location has made it a melting pot of cultures, influences, and ...

Conflicts among societies and within a single community have existed since the dawn of human settlements. The evolution of human life has introduced new motivations for the divergence of goals and ...

The history of Russia is as expansive as its vast territories, reflecting the dynamic interplay of cultures, peoples, and epochs. Spanning millennia, Russia’s evolution has been shaped by external ...

Amid the rapid international transformations affecting the hierarchy of powers within the global system and the dominating regional and international axes, emerging dynamics in international ...

The period from 1990 to 2025 represents a critical phase in Senegal’s history, beginning with a democratic transition marked by the adoption of a new constitution in 1991. This constitution shifted ...

After a very careful reading of the book by former US National Security Advisor John Bolton, I found that presenting the book according to the sequence of its fifteen chapters (including the ...

The Global Terrorism Index, released by the Institute for Economics and Peace based in Sydney, Australia, in March 2025, which covered the terrorist situation globally during 2024, highlights the ...

The Tigray crisis reflects the legacy of ethnic conflict in Ethiopia following the end of the long imperial reign, intertwined with the history of ancient and modern Ethiopia. Since Abiy Ahmed took ...

For decades, the nuclear non-proliferation regime has formed a central framework for structuring international security. This framework rests on three interconnected pillars: the prohibition ...

Countries engage in a variety of relationships with one another, which can either be cooperative or confrontational. The field of international relations emerged after World War I to understand these ...