At a time when technological development is accelerating at an unprecedented pace, the international system faces a unique challenge: how can we govern a technology that disregards ...

Many countries aim to maintain or strengthen their network of trade relations and economic interests with other states or non-state actors, even those historically classified as “adversaries” ...

For decades, the nuclear non-proliferation regime has formed a central framework for structuring international security. This framework rests on three interconnected pillars: the prohibition ...

All eyes are on Belém, Brazil, where the 30th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, COP30, is being held from November 10 to 21, 2025.

Ukraine, located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, has a rich and multifaceted history spanning thousands of years. Its strategic location has made it a melting pot of cultures, influences, and ...

It is said that diplomacy is a tool for the foreign policy of states, especially in times of peace, with its primary goal being to reconcile conflicts between countries and to establish means of ...

The history of Russia is as expansive as its vast territories, reflecting the dynamic interplay of cultures, peoples, and epochs. Spanning millennia, Russia’s evolution has been shaped by external ...

The period from 1990 to 2025 represents a critical phase in Senegal’s history, beginning with a democratic transition marked by the adoption of a new constitution in 1991. This constitution shifted ...

The Russo-Ukrainian war that began in February 2022 has altered the dynamics of regional and international security, raising concerns about the potential loss of sovereignty and territorial integrity ...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as a transformative technology with profound implications for military affairs and international relations. As AI capabilities advance, they are ...

Countries engage in a variety of relationships with one another, which can either be cooperative or confrontational. The field of international relations emerged after World War I to understand these ...

After a very careful reading of the book by former US National Security Advisor John Bolton, I found that presenting the book according to the sequence of its fifteen chapters (including the ...