In my book Future Studies in International Relations, published in Morocco in 1992 (second edition, p. 139), I wrote the following verbatim: “A set of ongoing and future transformations will ...

In a world marked by constant change and profound transformations, the concept of geopolitical shifts remains central to understanding international political dynamics and power relations ...

Cyber threats have become a major source of concern in recent years. We now think carefully before clicking on any link received via email, avoid responding to messages from strangers on social ...

The world’s largest economies are retreating from African financing precisely when the continent needs it most. The United States — long a major investor — effectively withdrew, recording negative FDI ...

The history of Russia is as expansive as its vast territories, reflecting the dynamic interplay of cultures, peoples, and epochs. Spanning millennia, Russia’s evolution has been shaped by external ...

The Tigray crisis reflects the legacy of ethnic conflict in Ethiopia following the end of the long imperial reign, intertwined with the history of ancient and modern Ethiopia. Since Abiy Ahmed took ...

Ukraine, located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, has a rich and multifaceted history spanning thousands of years. Its strategic location has made it a melting pot of cultures, influences, and ...

In a new cycle of escalating security threats in the eastern arc of the African continent and its adjacent southern regions, the dynamics of local and regional conflicts intertwine, rendering these ...

Countries engage in a variety of relationships with one another, which can either be cooperative or confrontational. The field of international relations emerged after World War I to understand these ...

The period from 1990 to 2025 represents a critical phase in Senegal’s history, beginning with a democratic transition marked by the adoption of a new constitution in 1991. This constitution shifted ...

This study presents a comparative examination of the concept of the balance of power as addressed by two different schools of thought—traditionalism and realism—spanning two distinct periods: the ...