EU Member States’ defence expenditure rose significantly between 2021 and 2024. The EU has introduced several initiatives to complement national efforts in order to boost defence spending and ...

Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism The content of all documents (and articles) contained in this blog is the sole responsibility of the author and any opinions expressed therein do not necessarily ...

Western sanctions against Russia : Tier 1 – diplomatic sanctions (March-April 2014; indefinite); Tier 2 – sanctions against individuals and organisations (adopted March 2014-February 2015, expire ...

Under 10 % of global semiconductor production occurs in Europe, which is limited to the larger chips (of 22 nanometres and above). Only two companies in east Asia, TSMC in Taiwan and Samsung in South ...

Under current EU law, EU Member States are free to set their minimum national voting age for European elections. This age is set at 16 in Austria, Germany and Malta, 17 in Greece, and 18 in the ...

Enforcement of the Digital Services Act at national level is still very limited owing to delayed implementation. The European Commission has therefore begun infringement procedures against several ...

The June 2026 European Council meeting has a full agenda, topped by Ukraine, the next multiannual financial framework (MFF), and global economic challenges. On Ukraine, EU leaders are likely to ...

Countries wishing to join the European Union (EU) must meet a set of legal, economic and political requirements. The progress that a candidate country makes to implement EU law and fulfil these ...

You can use our collection of graphs, charts, tables and maps with statistical data for any purpose (just please credit the European Parliamentary Research Service). The images were created by the ...

Between 2021 and 2023, at least 51 433 unaccompanied minors were reported as missing across Europe, averaging nearly 47 children a day. Written by Maria Margarita Mentzelopoulou. Between 2021 and 2023 ...

In response to United States (US) tariffs, and citing national security interests as a reason, China introduced two waves of export controls for rare-earth elements (REEs) in April and October 2025 ...

The European Parliament regularly receives enquiries from citizens about how the EU regulates social media and protects its users. The European Union (EU) has adopted a series of rules to protect the ...