While observational studies have previously pointed to an association, being able to identify causation has been difficult due to overlapping risk factors and confounding variables.

Chris Johnson, MBA, emphasizes that the constantly shifting landscape of Medicaid could further confuse both patients and health care providers, potentially leaving children behind.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who smoke were less likely to receive tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) if they lived in rural areas or had longer travel times to care, ...

A global analysis showed that absolute deaths and disability-adjusted life-years related to smoking-attributable rheumatoid arthritis have continued to rise since 1990.