The Texas Observer

From the Plantation to the Thicket: Juneteenth, Black Freedom, and ‘Marronage’ in Texas

But freedom in Texas was achieved both after and before formal emancipation. Following June 1865, those newly freed ...
The Texas Observer

Betty Simmons, a Texan in Slavery’s Last Years

Narratives collected by the federal Works Progress Administration, like the one recounted here, are an invaluable tool for ...