The Twitter/X bio of El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele, as of December 2025, reads “Philosopher King.” In the past, it read, “The world’s coolest dictator.” This unabashed public recognition of ...

The Harvard International Review is a quarterly magazine offering insight on international affairs from the perspectives of scholars, leaders, and policymakers. Since our founding in 1979, we've set ...

Mary is a staff writer for the HIR interested especially in the intersection between global politics, energy, and climate change.

By understanding the current AI regulatory landscape through lessons learned from prominent global climate treaties, we can better understand how to cultivate international agreement on governing this ...

Climate change and migration exacerbate women’s health poverty. Special needs related to menstruation, pregnancy, and caregiving mean that women often require more water to maintain sanitation.

The first step to assess the success of the EDF is to look at the production revenue of the biggest European producers. The ASD—which represents over 90 percent of European companies involved in ...

Every year, US citizens collectively consume 2.8 billion pounds of chocolate. While this sweet and indulgent treat is a staple for Valentine’s Day and Halloween, its colorful and shiny packaging ...

A leader in exile. Children forced into cultural assimilation. A barrage of failed protests. For more than 50 years, China, a global superpower with a population over 400 times that of Tibet, has ...

While Japan has seen little resistance to the recent influx of immigrants, the country’s policies provide inadequate support to newcomers to integrate into the Japanese economy and society. Japanese ...

How does overpopulation change a country? Though China and the United States have similar land surface areas of 3.6 million square miles and 3.5 million square miles, respectively, the two global ...

Why has a remote, frozen island seen rising interest and involvement from foreign powers in recent years? The answer most certainly is not the weather or the snow. Located in the Arctic Circle, ...

Little of the cobalt mined in the DRC is processed domestically or on the continent. Instead, the raw material is shipped to China for refining. The journey between these mining and refining hubs is ...