The Harvard International Review is a quarterly magazine offering insight on international affairs from the perspectives of scholars, leaders, and policymakers. Since our founding in 1979, we've set ...

China is increasingly motivated to lead the energy transition for key strategic reasons. China’s investment in a future without fossil fuels can be explained by China’s desire to both decrease its ...

Mary is a staff writer for the HIR interested especially in the intersection between global politics, energy, and climate change.

Every year, US citizens collectively consume 2.8 billion pounds of chocolate. While this sweet and indulgent treat is a staple for Valentine’s Day and Halloween, its colorful and shiny packaging ...

Russia and Japan have yet to sign a formal peace treaty to end World War II. Both nations’ reluctance boils down to their dispute over a string of islands stretching from Hokkaido, Japan’s ...

A leader in exile. Children forced into cultural assimilation. A barrage of failed protests. For more than 50 years, China, a global superpower with a population over 400 times that of Tibet, has ...

How does overpopulation change a country? Though China and the United States have similar land surface areas of 3.6 million square miles and 3.5 million square miles, respectively, the two global ...

Why has a remote, frozen island seen rising interest and involvement from foreign powers in recent years? The answer most certainly is not the weather or the snow. Located in the Arctic Circle, ...

Little of the cobalt mined in the DRC is processed domestically or on the continent. Instead, the raw material is shipped to China for refining. The journey between these mining and refining hubs is ...

Even though scientists knew how to extract the alkaloid cocaine from the leaf, the indigenous communities in the Andean countries were the main group cultivating the plant. As the 20th century ...

Both US lawmakers and Ukrainian officials have raised concerns regarding the final destination of weapons donated and sold to Ukraine. Ukraine has historically had one of the largest black markets for ...

Apart from Germany’s general reliance on Russian gas until the invasion of Ukraine, the country had notably departed from nuclear energy as part of its greater Energiewende, or energy transition. This ...