The Harvard International Review is a quarterly magazine offering insight on international affairs from the perspectives of scholars, leaders, and policymakers. Since our founding in 1979, we've set ...

China is increasingly motivated to lead the energy transition for key strategic reasons. China’s investment in a future without fossil fuels can be explained by China’s desire to both decrease its ...

2024 saw an unprecedented number of elections and over a billion people voting across the globe, and as a result, it was a year when global democracy faced renewed challenges. In 15 percent of the ...

The first step to assess the success of the EDF is to look at the production revenue of the biggest European producers. The ASD—which represents over 90 percent of European companies involved in ...

Italy has traditionally been a country of emigration, holding the record for largest voluntary emigration in recorded history: 13 million people between 1880 and 1915. This resettlement was mainly due ...

Every year, US citizens collectively consume 2.8 billion pounds of chocolate. While this sweet and indulgent treat is a staple for Valentine’s Day and Halloween, its colorful and shiny packaging ...

Since the invasion of Ukraine, Russian elites have repeatedly called on Moldova to avoid Western influence, referring to the autonomous region as “the next Ukraine.” In the aftermath of the Ukrainian ...

Little of the cobalt mined in the DRC is processed domestically or on the continent. Instead, the raw material is shipped to China for refining. The journey between these mining and refining hubs is ...

Even though scientists knew how to extract the alkaloid cocaine from the leaf, the indigenous communities in the Andean countries were the main group cultivating the plant. As the 20th century ...

Both US lawmakers and Ukrainian officials have raised concerns regarding the final destination of weapons donated and sold to Ukraine. Ukraine has historically had one of the largest black markets for ...

Apart from Germany’s general reliance on Russian gas until the invasion of Ukraine, the country had notably departed from nuclear energy as part of its greater Energiewende, or energy transition. This ...

The picture is a popular one: Cuban doctors born, raised, and trained on the island, working side-by-side with doctors in countries around the world, providing healthcare to patients and training to ...