In olden days, when op amps used ±15 V supplies and input/output signals were ±10 V, we had few problems with input/output limitations. Our op amps output impedance (Zo), small-signal AC impedance, ...

In 2008, Bob Pease exchanged e-mails with Linear Technology’s Mark Thoren, me, and a few other friends. The subject was how an amplifier will oscillate if you put a capacitive load on it. Bob knew ...

There are numerous factors to consider when adding external capacitors to switched-mode power supplies (SMPS). This article will discuss noise, startup, ESR, stability, pre-bias applications, Sense ...

Op amps are generally pretty easy to apply, but there are some practical nonideal behaviors you have to keep in mind. [EEforEveryone] takes a test board with some 2X amplifiers on it and — after some ...

Though not difficult, driving a load from a voltage reference IC requires some attention. After determining the supply voltage and output voltage, various other design parameters need to be considered ...

The use of air-break disconnect switches to interrupt the capacitive currents associated with open‑ended bus runs and short lines is common practice. In most cases, the current magnitude is no more ...