Heidi Lobprise, DVM, DAVDC, explains how chronic, low-level inflammation drives aging and disease in dogs.
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and pet-safe toothpaste only. Focus on the outer surfaces of the teeth, using gentle circular motions. AMC emphasizes that fully opening the pet’s mouth is not necessary ...
Sykes also cautions against the opposite mistake: overinterpreting a positive result. Subclinical exposure to Leptospira species is common, meaning a positive test—such as a visible red line or blue ...
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